Index: Audel's Electric Generating Systems (1970)(AEGS) CHAPTER 01. INTRODUCTION. Standby generating systems—outages—power system security. 9 CHAPTER 02. ENGINES. Fuel selection—fuel systems—fuel system piping—exhaust systems—cooling systems—lubrication—air-intake systems—engine starting methods. 25 CHAPTER 03. GENERATORS. Producing the magnetic field—DC generators-revolving-armature AC generators—generator start erent regulation revolving field-static exciter-brushless alternators—generator winding insulation—generator overload protection—separate generators. 75 CHAPTER 04. RATINGS. Engine generators—standard system voltages—alternating current —power factor. 95 CHAPTER 05. CONTROLS. Electric starting controls and instrumentation—automatic load-demand controls—instrumentation. 109 CHAPTER 06. GENERATOR SIZING. Electric motor considerations—step-by-step procedure—determining maximum and continuous load—reduced-voltage starling—typical starting method—instructions—discussion. 133 CHAPTER 07. LOAD TRANSFER CONTROL. Load-transfer control accessories—bypass for load-transfer switch —paralleling generators. 155 CHAPTER 08. MARINE APPLICATIONS. Fuel consideration—governing agencies—installation—cooling systems—wiring—noise suppression-storage. 177 CHAPTER 09. MOBILE INSTALLATIONS. Starting batteries—noise suppression—cooling—mobile to standby. 197 CHAPTER 10. MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS. Car starter packs—hatcheries—retail stores—water pollution-welders—magnet service—home standby—hospital standby radio-TV-communications—municipalities—schools, colleges, universities—UPS—X-ray equipment. 211 CHAPTER 11. SYSTEM TROUBLESHOOTING. System trouble charts—gaseous-fuel regulator adjustment—commutator and slip-ring service—armature and field-coil testing—preventative maintenance—operational problems—reactivating a submerged unit. 245 CHAPTER 12. INSTALLATION. 287 CHAPTER 13. SPECIFICATIONS. Standby engine generator set—Automatic load-transfer and engine starting control—preventative maintenance program—automatic paralleling apparatus. 299 CHAPTER 14. CODES AND THE LAW. State codes and regulation for emergency power—major city codes and regulations for emergency'`°power—Pennsylvania regulations for emergency lighting systems—Chicago code for hospital emergency lighting and critical electrical systems—battery operated emergency lights—suggested legislation. 309 APPENDIX. Electrical symbols—recommendations for supplementary reading —information sources. 335 GLOSSARY. 351 INDEX. 371 Above-ground fuel storage tanks, 39 AC revolving-field generator trouble shooting. 263 Accelerating KVA. 139 Adjustment, gaseous-fuel regulator, electric starting. 266 Air cleaners. 59 Air load-transfer, 153 Air requirements. marine equipment, 183 Air-cooled generator set comparison, 14 Air-intake system. 59 Al Gas regulator, 32 Alternator. brushless. 87 Ampere ratings, generator. 106-108 Antisiphon system. 39 Armature testing, 270 Automatic load transfer switch accessories. 166 Automatic load transfer switch comparison. 156 Automatic load-demand controls, 116 Automatic oil-level maintainer. 59 Automatic shut-off valve. 32 Automotive-type starting, 72 Autotransformer starting, 149 Average KWH use. 134 Batteries, starting, 62, 200 Battery cable size, 204 Battery capacity, effect of temperature on, 69 Battery chargers. 63. 69 Battery charging. 66 Battery freezing point, 68 Battery-operated emergency lights. 329 Brushless alternator. 87 BTU content of fuels, 25 Bypass. load-transfer switch, 171 Cable size. battery, 204 Car starter packs, 211 Chargers, battery. 63 Charging batteries. 66 Closed-type cooling systems, 51 Codes, major cities. 311 Codes. state. 310 Combination fuel system, 34 Commutator service, 267 Commutator. 76 Compensator starting, 149 Compound-wound generator, 78 Condensation trap. 43 Connectors, exhaust line, 44 Controls, 109 Controls, load transfer trouble shooting, 264 Controls, load-demand. 116 Controls, reactor, 82 Cooling system, closed-type. 51 Cooling system, fresh water. 184 Cooling system, heat-exchanger, 55, 184 Cooling system, keel. 184 Cooling system, liquid. 51 Cooling system, marine-tune. 55, 183 Cooling system, mobile, 208 Cooling system, pressure. 50 Cooling system, raw water. 184 Cooling system, standpipe. 54 Cooling system, straight water, 52 Cooling system, suction. 50 Cooling system. 46 Cranking, exciter, 71 Critical-grade mufflers. 43 Cycle cranking control. 170 DC generators, 79 DC generators, trouble shooting. 260 Delta connected. 3-phase, 4-wire systems, 104 Demand controls, automatic load. 116 Demand regulator. 32 Derating engines. 28 Diesel engines, 28 Direct-service generators, 79 Dry-type strainer. 34 Electric load estimate. 180 Electric motor code letters (NEMA), 139 Electric motor considerations. 137 Electric starting. 62 Emergency Emergency lights. battery-operated. 329 Emergency power codes, hospital 323 Emergency power codes, major cities. 311 Emergency power codes, state. 310 Engine, diesel, 28 Engine, gasoline, 26 Engine, LP gas. 28 Engine, natural gas, 27 Engine, starting controls, specifications. 303 Engine, starting methods. 62 Engine, trouble shooting. 250 Engine, vaporous fuel. 27 Exciter, cranking, 71 Exciter, static. 82 Exhaust, line, connectors. 44 Exhaust, line, heat loss, 46 Exhaust, systems. 41 Field-coil testing, 270 First-cut regulator. 32 Fractional-HP motor starting characteristics. 151 Freezing point. battery. 68 Fresh Water cooling system. 184 Fuel, BTU content of, 25 Fuel level indicator, remote-reading, pump. manual, 40 Fuel storage, marine. 192 Fuel storage, tanks, above-ground. 39 Fuel storage, tanks, underground. 35 Fuel system. combination, 34 Fuel system, piping, 35 Full-voltage starting, 148 Garrerson regulator. 32 Gaseous-fuel regulator adjustment. 266 Gas, LP. pipe diameters for. 36 Gas, natural. pipe diameters for, 36 Gas, solenoid valve, 32 Gasoline engines. 26 Generating systems market, 10 Generator, ampere ratings. 106-108 Generator, battery-charging. 79 Generator, compound-wound. 78 Generator, direct-service. 79 Generator, insulation classification. 89 Generator, magnet-service. 79 Generator, marine-engine. 177 Generator, overload protection. 89 Generator, paralleling. 172 Generator, ratings. 95 Generator, regulation, 80 Generator, revolving armature, 76. 80 Generator, revolving field. 81 Generator, separate. 92 Generator, shunt-wound, 77 Generator, sizing. 133 Generator, standby. specifications. 300 Generator, starting. SO Generator, trouble shooting. DC. 260 Generator, trouble shooting, revolving-field, 263 Generator, voltage buildup, 87 Generator, winding insulation. 89 Governing agencies. marine, 181 Hatchery installation, 213 Heat-exchanger cooling systems. 55, 184 Heat loss, muffler and exhaust line. 46 Home standby, 218 Hospital, emergency power code. 323 Hospital, standby. 225 Hot-well tank, 52 Induction motor KVA requirements, 1 144 Industrial-grade mufflers, 43 Inherent regulation. 81 In-Line cranking. 71 Installation. 287 Installation, deficiencies. 248 Installation, marine. 182 Installation, mobile. 197 Instrumentation. 124 Insulation. generator. classification of. 89 Keel cooling systems, 184 KVA. accelerating. 139 KVA. locked-rotor. 139 KVA. motor-running. 145 KVA. requirements. induction-motor. 141-144 Lead-acid batteries. 63 Liquid cooling systems. 51 Load. continuous. 146 Load-demand controls, 116 Load, electric. 180 Load, maximum. 146 Load, transfer control. 153 Load, transfer control. accessories. 166 Load, transfer control. specifications. 303 Load, transfer control. switch Load. transfer control. bypass, 171 Load. transfer control. comparison. 156 Load. trouble shooting. 264 Locked-rotor KVA. 139 LP gas. engines. 28 LP gas, pipe diameters for, 36 Lubrication. -57 Magnet service. 217 Magnet, generator. 79 Magnet, generator, ratings, 218 Manifolds, water-cooled, 55 Manual fuel pump. 40 Manual shut-off valve, 34 Manual starting methods, 62 Marine, air requirements. 183 Marine cooling systems. 55, 183 Marine engine generators, 177 Marine generator storage. 192 Marine governing agencies. 181 Marine installation. 182 Marine noise suppression. 187 Marine wiring, 187 Mobile cooling system, 208 Mobile installation, 197 Mobile standby, to. 210 Motor KVA requirements, 141-144 Muffler. heat loss. 46 Muffler. specifications, 44 Natural gas engines, 27 Natural gas, pipe diameters for. 36 NEMA electric motor code letters, 139 Nickel-cadmium batteries. 63 Noise, level guide. 42. 43 Noise, suppression, marine, 187 Noise, suppression, mobile, 203 Oil, consumption. 57 Oil level maintainer, 59 Operational problems, 282 Outages. power, 16 Overload protection. generator, 89 Paralleling apparatus, sample specifications. 307 Paralleling generators. 172 Part-winding motors. 148 Percentage of tap, 149 Pipe diameters. 35-37 Pipe diameters. LP gas. 36 Pipe diameters. natural gas. 36 Pipe diameters. two-stage regulation, 37 Piping. fuel system, 35 Power factor, 105 Power failure. 19 Power interruption causes, 17 Power outages. 16 Power system security, 22 Pressure cooling systems. 50 Preventative maintenance. 277 Preventative maintenance program. sample specifications, 305 Primary regulator. 32 Primary resistance starting. 148 Primary tank. 35 Propane, tank size for, 37 Pump, fuel, manual. 40 Radiator-cooled systems. 51 Radiator-cooled systems, comparison. 15 Radio-TV-communications, 228 Rain caps.46 Ratings. generator, 95 Ratings, standard. 96 Raw water cooling systems. 184 Reactance starting. 148 Reactor, control. 82 Reduced-voltage starting, 148 Regulation. generator. 80 Regulator adjustment. gaseous-fuel. 266 Regulator, Al Gas, 32 Regulator, Garretson, 32 Regulator, two-stage. pipe diameter, 37 Relay. time-delay. 167 Remote starting controls. 109 Residential-grade mufflers, 43 Residual magnetism, 80 Retail store installation, 214 Revolving armature generator, 76, 80 Revolving field generator, 81 Revolving field generator trouble shooting, 263 Secondary regulator. 32 Security. power system, 22 Separate generators. 92 Shunt-wound generator, 77 Shut-off valve. automatic. 32 Shut-off valve. manual. 34 Single-phase. 2-wire, 120-volt systems, 98 Single-phase. 3-wire, 120/240-volt systems, 99 Size. battery cable. 204 Sizing, generator, 133 Slip-ring service, 267 Solenoid. shift starters. 72 Solenoid valve. gas. 32 Specification. engine-starting control. 303 Specification. load-transfer control, 303 Specification. muffler, 44 Specification. paralleling apparatus, 307 Specification. preventative maintenance program. 305 Specification. standby engine generator, 300 Standard generator voltage ratings, 96 Standby systems, 100 Standby systems, colleges, 235 Standby systems, communications, 228 Standby systems, engine generator specifications, 300 Standby systems, generating, 16 Standby systems, home, 278 Standby systems, hospital, 225 Standby systems, mobile, to. 210 Standby systems, municipalities, 231 Standby systems, radio. 228 Standby systems, schools, 235 Standby systems, TV, 228 Standby systems, universities, 235 Standpipe cooling system, 54 Starters. solenoid-shift, 72 Starting, automotive-type, 72 Starting, autotransformer. 149 Starting, batteries. 62, 200 Starting, characteristics, fractional-HP. 151 Starting, chatacteristics, reduced-voltage, 149 Starting, compensator, 149 Starting, controls, 109 Starting, electric. 62 Starting, full-voltage, 148 Starting, generator, 80 Starting, manual, 62 Starting, part-winding. 148 Starting, primary-resistance, 148 Starting, reactance, 148 Starting, reduced-voltage, 148 State codes and regulations for emergency power, 310 Static exciter, 82 Storage. cooling system, 193 Storage. electrical system, 193 Storage. fuel. 192 Storage. marine generator, 192 Storage. oil system. 192 Storage. tanks. fuel. above-ground. 39 Storage. tanks, fuel. underground. 35 Strainer, dry-type, 34 Submerged unit. 284 Suction cooling systems, 50 Switch. load-transfer accessories. 166 Switch. bypass. 171 Switch. comparison, 156 Tank, fuel storage, above-ground. 39 Tank, fuel storage, underground. 35 Tank, hot-well, 52 Tank, priming, 35 Tank, size. 38 Tank, size, propane, 37 Three, phase, 3-wire system, 101 Three, phase, 4-wire system. 103 Three, phase, delta connected. 104 Three wire starting controls. 109 Time delav relays. 167 Transfer switch. 153 Transfer switch. accessories. 166 Trap. condensation, 43 Trouble shooting, AC revolving-field generator, 263 Trouble shooting, DC generator. 260 Trouble shooting, engine. 250 Trouble shooting, load-transfer control, 264 Two stage regulators, pipe diameters, 37 Two wire starting controls, 113 Underground fuel storage tanks, 35 UPS. 237 Valve, automatic shut-off, 32 Valve, gas solenoid. 32 Valve, manual shut-off, 32 Vaporous fuel engines. 27 Voltage buildup. generator, 87 Water-cooled manifolds. 55 Welders. 217 Winding insulation. generator, 89 Wiring, marine. 187 X X-ray equipment, 243