ATOCI: Agriculture for Common Schools, 1909 [AFCS]

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.: V
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS: XI
INTRODUCTION: XIX
SECTION I: SOILS
CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF THE SOIL: 1
CHAPTER II. THE MAKE-UP OF THE SOIL: 9
CHAPTER III. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS: 15
CHAPTER IV. DRAINAGE AND IRRIGATION: 24
CHAPTER V. HANDLING THE SOIL: 34
CHAPTER VI. FARM MANURES: 49
CHAPTER VII. COMMERCIAL FERTILIZARDS: 55
SECTION: FARM CROPS:
CHAPTER VIII. CLASSIFICATION OF FARM CROPS: 64
CHAPTER IX. CORN: 67
CHAPTER X. WHEAT: 80
CHAPTER XI. OTHER CEREALS: 88
CHAPTER XII. ROOTS, TUBERS, BULBS: 96
CHAPTER XIII. FORAGE CROPS: 105
CHAPTER XIV. OTHER FARM CROPS: 121
CHAPTER XV. SEED SELECTION: 129
CHAPTER XVI. ROTATIION. 133
SECTION III: HORTICULTURE:
CHAPTER XVII. I.: POMOLOGY: 137
CHAPTER XVIII. PROPAGATION OF THE FRUITS: 140
CHAPTER XIX. TILLAGE: 146
CHAPTER XX. SETTING THE ORCHARD AND CARING FOR IT: 149
CHAPTER XXI. THE FRUITS: 155
CHAPTER XXII. II.: OLERICULTURE OR VEGETABLE GROWING: 166
CHAPTER XXIII. RAISING PLANTS: 169
CHAPTER XXIV. SOME OF THE COMMON VEGETABLES: 173
CHAPTER XXV. III.: LANDSCAPE GARDENING: 181
CHAPTER XXVI. PLANTS THAT MAY BE USED: 185
CHAPTER XXVII. INSECTS-INJ: FICIAL: 189
CHAPTER XXVIII. CONTROLLING: 200
CHAPTER XXIX. PLANT DISEASE AND THEIR TREATMENT: 207
SECTION IV: ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
CHAPTER XXX. FARM ANIMALS: I: THE HORSE: 213
CHAPTER XXXI. FARM ANIMA.S: II: CATTLE: 227
CHAPTER XXXII. FARM ANIMALS: III: SHEEP AND GOATs: 243
CHAPTER XXXIII. FARM ANIMALS: IV: SWINE: 257
CHAPTER XXXIV. THE BREEDING OF LIVE STOCK: 267
CHAPTER XXXV. SOME TERMS USED IN LIVE STOCK BREEDING: 272
CHAPTER XXXVI. THE BREEDING OF ANIMALS: 274
CHAPTER XXXVII. BALANCED RATIONS AND FEEDING STANDARDS: 281
CHAPTER XXXVIII. SELECTING ANIMALS AND METHODS OF FEEDING: 283
SECTION V: DAIRYING
CHAPTER XXXIX. DAIRYING: 290
CHAPTER XL. COMPOSITION AND QUALITIES OF MILK: 294
CHAPTER XLI. PRODUCING GOOD MILK: 299
CHAPTER XLII. BUTTER-MAKING: 310
CHAPTER XLIII. MILK PRODUCTS OTHER THAN BUTTER: 319
CHAPTER XLIV. TESTING MILK: 325
CHAPTER XLV. ABOUT BEES: 330
CHAPTER XLVI. POULTRY: 339
CHAPTER XLVII. CARE OF POULTRY: 348
APPENDIX A: 356
APPENDIX B: 360
APPENDIX C: 363
INDEX: 375

Acid phosphate, 59
Bloody milk, 298
Agriculture, defined, 137
Bordeaux mixture, 208, 211
Air-drainage, 138
Borers, 195
Alfalfa, 109, 110
Breeding animals, care of, 270
Anthracnose, 208
Broom corn, 122, 123
Apple, the, 155
Buckwheat, 94
Apple, twig blight of, 209
Bulbs, examples of, 66
Bulbs, explained,
Apricot, the, 160 65
Bulbs, ornamental, 186
Arid regions, 30
Burro, 226
Artichokes, 102
Butter, 310:
Butter, composition of, 318
Ashes, as fertilizers, 60
Butter, preparing for market, 318
Asparagus, 179
Butter, renovated or process, 324
Atavism, 272
Butter, salting, 317
Butter, sour-cream, 311
Butter, sweet-cream, 311
Butter, use of butter color in, 315
Babcock test, 326
Butter, washing, 316
Bacteria, denitrifying, 14
Butter, water allowed by law in, 318
Butter, cream, 311
Bacteria, in milk,
Butter, working, :317
Bacteria, in soil, 13
Butter-fat, definition, 235
Butter-fat, testing for 326
Bagasse, 120
Butter-fat, things affecting, 296
Balanced ration, 281
Butter-milk, 315
Barley, culture, 91, 92
Barley, harvesting, 92:
Barley, history, 91
Barley, varieties, 92
Cabbage-like plants, 17.1
Beans, 173
Canadian field peas, 118
Bee-glue, 335
Carbohydrates, 277
Bees, drone, 333
Bees, hives for, 336
Carrots, 96
Bees, life history of, 331, 332, 333
Catalo, 232
Bees, locations for, 330
Bees, number in swarm of, 31
Catch crop defined, 113
Bees, swarm of, 31
Bees, queen, 331, 332, 333
Caterpillars, 196, 197
Bees, races of, 331:
Bees, swarming, 338
Cattle, beef type, 227
Cattle, blue-gray, 232
Bees, winter protection for, 337
Bees, worker, 332
Cattle, breeds of, Aberdeen Anus, 230
Beet pulp, 120
Beetles, 195
Cattle, breeds of, Ayrshire, 238
Cattle, breeds of, Brown Swiss, 242
Birds, 200, 201
Cattle, breeds of, Devon, 240; Dutch Belted, 239
Blackberry, the, 164
Cattle, breeds of, French Canadian, 240
Blights, 208, 209, 210
Cattle, breeds of, Galloway, 231
Cattle, breeds of, Guernsey, 236

Cattle: Hereford, 229
Corn, for silage,115
Corn, for soiling, 119
Cattle: Holstein-Friesian, 237
Corn, harvesting, 73
Corn, history, 67
Cattle: Jersey, 234
Cattle: Kerry, 239
Cattle: Longhorn, 233
Corn, kinds, dent, 68
Corn, kinds, flint, 68
Corn, kinds, pod, 69
Cattle: Polled Durham, 229, 240:
Corn, kinds, pop, 69
Corn, kinds, soft, 69
Corn, kinds, sweet, 68, 178
Cattle: Red Polled, 241
Cattle: Shorthorn, 228, 178
Cattle: Sussex, 233
Cattle: West highland, 232
Corn, planting, 71
Corn, preparing for planter, 79
Cattle: classes of, 227
Corn, preparation of seed bed. 70
Cattle: dairy type, 233
Cattle: dual-purpose type 240
Corn, saving seed, 74
Cattle: history, 227
Corn, selecting seed ears, 77
Corn, smut, 208
Celeriac, 180 208
Corn, soil for, 70:
Corn, testing, 74,
Celery, 179 76, 77
Corn, variations in, 69
Cereals, 64
Corn-belt states, 67
Cheese, cheddar, 320, 321, 322
Correlation, 273
Cheese, composition of, 319
Cheese, cottage, 319
Cotton, 126-128
Cheese, kinds of, 322 323
Cotton-seed meal, 57
Cheese, limburger, 323
Cow-peas, 95, 111
Cherry, the, 158
Cream, definition, 304
Cream, methods of separation, 304-307
Chickens, classes of American, 341
Chickens, Asiatic, 341
Cream, methods of souring, 312
Cream, pasteurization. 313
Chickens, English, 342
Chickens, French, 343
Cream, preparing for the churn. 310-314
Chickens, Games, 343
Chickens, Hamburg, 343
Chickens, Mediterranean 342
ripening, 311,
Chickens, miscelaneous, 344
Chickens, ornamental, 344
Cream, temperature at churning. 316
Chickens, Polish, 343
Chickens, feeding, 351-353
Crocus, 186
Chickens, chicken mite, 351
Chickens, moulting. 353
Chickens, standard variety, explained. 339
Cross-breeding. 260
Crude fibre, 277
Chinch bug, 198
Cucumbers, 177
Churning, effect of, 314
Cultivation, defined, 44
Cultivation, depth of, 46
Churns, 315
Cultivation, for corn, 71, 72
Clover, alsike, 108
Clover, crimson, 108
Clover, mammoth, 107
Clover, red, 106
Cultivation, for controlling insects, 202
Codling moth, 192
Cultivation, for potatoes, 101
Cultivation, number of cultivations, 16
Cold-frame, construction of, 171
Cultivation, objects of, 44
Cultivation, moisture saved by, 45
Colostrum, 297
Cultivators, kinds, 47
Commercial fertilizer, classes, 55
Commercial fertilizer, complete, 55:
Commercial fertilizer, definition, 55
Culture, defined, 67
Currant, the, 161
Commercial fertilizer, effect on soil, 63
Commercial fertilizer, how applied. 62
Cut worm, 191
Compost heap, 168
Condensed milk, 323
Dahlia, 187
Copper sulphate, 212
Dairying, adaptable breeds for,
Corn, average yield, 79
Dairying, cleanliness in 292, 299-
Corn, cultivation, 71, 72
Corn, for forage, 115; 303
Dairying, definition of, 290

Dewberry, the, 164
Diffusion, 23
Digestibility, coefficient of, 278
Disking, purpose of, 42, 43
Dissolved bone, 59
Donkey, 225
Double standard, 229
Drainage, 25, 27
Drains, 24, 25, 29
Dried blood, 55
Dry farming, 32
Ducks, 344, 354
Fallowing, 48
Farm animals, explained, 213
Farm crops, classification of, 164
Farm manures, "cold," 49
Farm matures, composting, 168
Farm matures, factors affecting value of, 49
Farm matures, for gardens, 64
Farm matures, "hot," 49
Farm matures, how to apply. 52, 53
Farm matures, how to preserve, 50
Farm matures, kinds of, 49
Farm matures, lasting effect of, 54
Farm matures, losses from exposure, 51
Farm matures, losses from heating, 51
Farm matures, sources of, 49
Fat, 277
Feeding, affecting butter-fat, 296
Feeding, dry feed for, 288
Feeding, grinding and cooking for, 288
Feeding, pasturing, 286
Feeding, selecting feeders for, 283-286
Feeding, soiling, 287
Feeding, standards, 282
Feeding, terms used in, 274-282
Feeding stuffs, 274, 279, 280
Fibre crops, 66, 123
Fish fertilizers, 57
Flax, 124
Flooding, 33
Flowers for ornament, 186, 187, 188
Fodder, explained, 73, 115
Foundation stock, explained, 220, 267
Foundation stock, healthy animals for, 270
Foundation stock, mature animals for, 269
Foundation stock, pedigreed, 269
Foundation stock, well-bred animals for, 267
Food elements returned in excrement, 49
Forage crops, 66, 105
Forage, defined, 66
Fruits, classification of, 138:
Fruits, pome, 155
Fruits, small, 161
Fruits, stone, 158
Fruits, tree, 155
Fruits, vine, 160
Furrows, kinds of, 39, 40
Garden, 166, 167
Geese, 345, 354
German potash mines, 60
Gladiolus, 187
Gluten, 80, 81
Goats, 254, 255
Gooseberry, the, 162
Gourd family, the, 175
Grading up, how done, 268
Grafting wax, 145
Grape, the, 160
Greenhouse, 171
Green manuring, 54
Grub worms, 196
Guanos, 57
Guineas, 346
Harrowing, purpose of, 41
Harrows, kinds of, 41
Hay, making clover, 107
Hay, making timothy, 106
Hay, plants used for, 105
Heading in, 153
Hellebore, white, 203
Hemp, 125
Herd books, 222
Heredity, 272
Hessian fly, 85, 192, 202
Hoed corp, 146
Home grown seed, 131
Honey, amount made by a colony, 336
Honey, extracted, 336
Honey, how collected, 334
Honey, ripening, 334:
Honey, source of, 334
Horses, breeds of, American Trotter, 221
Horses, breeds of, Belgian, 217
Horses, breeds of, Cleveland Bay, 219
Horses, breeds of, Clydesdale, 216
Horses, breeds of, French Coach, 218
Horses, breeds of, German Coach, 218
Horses, breeds of, Hackney, 218
Horses, breeds of, Percheron, 215
Horses, breeds of, Shire, 216
Horses, breeds of, Suffolk 217
Horses, breeds of, Thoroughbred, 220
Horses, gaits of, 223
Horses, history of, 213
Horses, pacer, the, 221
Horses, roadster, the, 222
Horses, types of, 214
Horticulture, explained, 137
Hot-bed, construction of, 169
Humid regions, 30
Humus, 10
Ice-cream, 323
Incubation, period of, 348
Incubator, 348
Indirect fertilizers, 61
Insects, controlling, 200
Insects, damage by, 189
Insects, life history of 189
Insects, parasitic, 198, 200
Irrigation, amount of water used in, 31
Irrigation, definition, 30
Irrigation, for rice, 93
Irrigation, from streams, 33
Irrigation, from wells, 33
Irrigation, reasons for, 31
Irrigation, where needed, 30
June-bug, 196
Kafir corn, 118
Kainit; 60
Kerosene emulsion, 204
Lactometer, 325
Land plaster as a fertilizer, 61
Landscape gardening, 181, 182, 185
Lawn, Making the, 181, 182
Legumes, 13, 64
Lettuce, 178
Lily, 186
Lime as a fertilizer, 61
Limestone as a fertilizer, 61
London purple, 203
Mangel-wurtzels, 97
Manures (see Farm manures)
Manure spreader, 52
Milk, abnormal, 298
Milk, aeration of, 308
Milk, bacteria in, 299
Milk, bottling, 309
Milk, colostrum, 297
Milk, composition of, 295, 296
Milk, condensed, 323
Milk, cooling, 308
Milk, creaming, 303:
Milk, definition of, 294
Milk, disease germs in, 299
Milk, for city delivery, 307:
Milk, milk serum, 296
Milk, pasteurization of, 313
Milk, products, 319
Milk, secretion of, 294
Milk, skim-milk, 304
Milk, testing for butter-fat, 326
Milk, testing for water, 325
Milk, whole milk, :304
Milk-powder, 323
Millets, 93, 113, 114
Mineral matter, 9
Mohair, 254
Muriate of potash, 60
Muskmelons, 176
Nectarine, the, 160
Nitrate of potash, 58
Nitrate of soda. 58
Nitrogen fertilizers, sources of, 55-58
Nodules, 13
Nutritive ratio, 281
Oats, 88-90, 207
Olericulture, explained, 166
Onions, 103, 104
Orchard. crops for, 146, 147:
Orchard, effect of slope of, 138, 139
Orchard, location, 138, 139
Orchard, pruning the, 153, 154
Orchard, renovating, 154
Orchard, selecting trees for, 149:
Orchard, setting trees in, 150, 151, 152:
Orchard, tillage for, 1-16, 147
Orchard, top-grafting, 154
Orchard grass, 106
Organic matter, 9
Osmosis, 23
Oyster-shells for hens, 352
Paris green, 20:3
Parsnips, 98
Pasteurization, 313
Pastures, 119, 286
Peach, the, 159, 210
Peafowl, the, 347
Pear, the, 157
Peas, 173
Peccary, 257
Phosphoric acid, sources of, 58, 59
Plant diseases, 207
Plant food, 11, 12, 23
Plant-lice, 190
Planting board, 151
Plow, 34, 36
Plowing, condition of soil for, 37
in autumn, 38
in spring, 39
for corn, 70
for wheat, 84
purpose of, 37
subsoiling, 39
terms used in, 36
Plum, the, 158
Plum curculio, 193
Poisons for insects, 203, 205
Pomology, defined, 138
Ponies, 224, 225
Potash, 60
Potatoes, 99-101, 209
Potato beetles, 195
Potato family, the, 174
Pot-herbs, 178
Poultry, definition, 339
Poultry, feeding, 351-354
Poultry, hatching, 348
Poultry, housing, 351
Poultry, origin, 339
Propagation of plants, by budding, 142
Propagation, by cuttings, 141
Propagation, by grafting, 142, 144
Propagation, by inarching, 145
Propagation, by layering, 140, 141
Propagation, by seeds, 140; in cold-
Propagation, frames, 169
Propagation, in hot-beds, 169
Protein, 275
Pumpkins, 175
Pyrethrum, 20.1
Quince, the, 157
Rape, 119, 120
Raspberry, the, 162, 163
Red top, 106
Rennet, 319
Renovated butter, 324
Retting, 12.1
Rhubarb, 180
Rice, 92, 93
Rock phosphate, 59
Rolling, effect of, 43
Roots, 65, 96, 97, 99
Rose-chafer, 196
Rotation, corn-belt, 135:
Rotation, defined, 133
Rotation, maintains fertility, 133, 132
Rotation, Norfolk, 135
Rotation, object of, 133
Rotation, qualities of a good, 135, 136
Rotation, Terry, 135
Rusts, 208
Rye, 91
Salad p1ants, 178
Salt, 289, 317 211
Scale insects, 190
Seed corn selection, 74, 76, 77
Seed plat, 132
Seed selection, home-grown seed, 131
Seed selection, importance of, 129, 172
Seed selection, for genuineness, 130
Seed selection, for purity, 129
Seed selection, for vitality, 130
Seed selection, testing seed, 131, 132
Seed selection, use of seed plat, 132
Separators, cream, 306
Sheep, breeds of American Merino, 251
Sheep, Black-Faced Highland, 254
Sheep, Cheviot 250:
Sheep, Cotswold, 244
Sheep, Delaine Merino, 252
Sheep, Dorset Horn, 249:
Sheep, Hampshire, 248
Sheep, Kent, or Romney Marsh, 253
Sheep, Leicester, 245
Sheep, Lincoln, 245
Sheep, Merino, 250
Sheep, Oxford, 248
Sheep, Rambouillet Merino, 252
Sheep, Shropshire, 246
Sheep, Southdown, 247
Sheep, Suffolk, 249
Sheep, Tunis, 249
Sheep, Wensleydale, 254
Sheep, coarse-wooled, 243
Sheep, fine-wooled, 250
Sheep, history of, 243
Sheep, medium-wooled, 246
Silage, 115-117
Silo, 115, 116
Semi-arid regions, 30
Smuts, 207
Snakes, 201
Soiling, 117, 287
Soils, action of animals on, 4
Soils, action of plants on, 2
Soils, aeration of, 16
Soils, alkali, 32
Soils, alluvial, 6
Soils, bacteria in, 13
Soils, color of, 15
Soils, distribution, of 5:
Soils, effect of the wind on, 5
Soils, for corn, 70
Soils, for oats, 88:
Soils, for potatoes, 99
Soils, for wheat, 84
Soils, humus, 10
Soils, kinds of, 9
Soils, life in, 13
Soils, loess, 7
Soils, origin of, 1
Soils, plant food in, 10, 11, 12
Soils, porosity of, 17
Soils, power to retain moisture 21
Soils, sand dunes, 6
Soils, sedentary, 5
Soils, transported, 5
Soils, transportation of, 16
Soils, washing away of, 7
Soils, water in, 17
Soils, weathering, 1
Soils, weight, 15
Soils, wind formed, 6
Soils, work of glaciers, 6
Soils, work of water, 3
Sorghum, 117
Soy-beans, 95, 111, 112
Sports, 162
Squashes, 175, 176
Stages in life of an insect, 189
Starters, 312, 313
Stover, defined, 73, 115
Strawberry, the, 164
Stud books, 222
Subsoiling, 39
Sugar beets, 98
Sulphate of ammonia, 58
Sulphate of potash, 60
Superphosphate, 59
Sweet potatoes, 102
Swine, bacon type, 25S
Swine, breeds of Berkshire, 259
Swine, breeds of, Cheshire, 263
Swine, breeds of, Chester White, 262
Swine, breeds of, Chinese, 266
Swine, breeds of, Duroc-Jersey, 261
Swine, breeds of, Essex 264
Swine, breeds of, Hampshire, 266
Swine, breeds of, Large Yorkshire, 264
Swine, breeds of, Neapolitan, 266
Swine, breeds of, Poland-China, 259
Swine, breeds of, Small Yorkshire, 264
Swine, breeds of, Suffolk, 264
Swine, breeds of, Tamworth, 266
Swine, breeds of, Victoria, 263
Swine, following cattle, 289
Swine, lard type, 257
Systems of creaming, 305, 306
Tankage, 56
Temperature of soil, 16
Teosinte, 115
Terms used in breeding, 267, 268, 272, 273
Testing milk, composite samples for 329
Testing milk, for adulteration, 325
Testing milk, for butter-fat, 326, 327, 328
Testing milk, taking samples for, 328
Testing seeds, 131, 132
Thinning, 157, 160, 161
Tillage, defined, 34
Tillering, 86
Timothy, 105
Toads, 201
Tobacco, 121, 122
Tobacco stems as fertilizers, 60
Tomatoes, 175
Top-grafting, 154
Transplanting, 152, 171
Trees for grounds, 185
Truck patch, 166
Tubers, 65, 186, 187
Tulips, 186
Turkeys, 346, 354
Turnips, 99
Variation, 273
Vegetable, explained, 166
Vetches, 112
Washing, before milking, 302:
butter, 316:
dairy utensils, 300
Water, capillary, 19
Water, capillary movement of, 20
Water, evaporation of, 20
Water, hydrostatic, 19
Water, hygroscopic, 19
Water, legal amount of, in butter, 318
Water, perculation of, 20:
Water, surface, 19
Water, transportation of, 20
Water, used by a corn plant, 45
Water, used in irrigation, 31
Watermelons, 177
Wheat, bearded and smooth, 83:
Wheat, characteristics of bread wheats, 83: br> < Wheat, districts, 81:
Wheat, early plowing for, 84
Wheat, effect of climate, on, 80
Wheat, gluten in. 81:
Wheat, harvesting, 86, 87
Wheat, history, 80:
Wheat, kinds of, 82
Wheat, making a shock, 87
Wheat, methods of sowing 86
Wheat, range of latitude, 80:
Wheat, of sowing, 86
Wheat, red and white. 83
Wheat, rusts, 208
Wheat, seed bed for, 84
Wheat, selection of varieties, 84
Wheat, smut, 208
Wheat, soils for. 84
Wheat, sowing in corn, 85
Wheat, sweating of, 87
Wheat, tillering, 86
Wheat, time to sow, 85
Wilts, 210