ATOCI to Aircraft Welding, 1941 Table of Contents PREFACE. v FOREWORD BY WALTER H. BEECH. ix INTRODUCTION BY J. E. SCHAEFER. x CHAPTER 1. EQUIPMENT. 1 2. TOOLS. 7 3. MATERIALS. 15 4. WELDS-CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPES. 22 5. STRESS. 31 A. Expansion and Contraction B. Cracks 6. JIGS. 37 7. METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION. 47 8. ALUMINUM AND STAINLESS STEEL WELDING. 65 A. Aluminum Welding B. Stainless Steel Welding 9. PROBLEMS (EXERCISES) IN AIRCRAFT WELDING. 70 A. Steel B. Aluminum C. Stainless Steel 10. DRAWINGS AND PRINTS. 99 A. Drawings B. Classes of Prints C. Meaning of Lines and Symbols 11. TABLES. 105 105 12. AIR CORPS SPECIFICATION. 111 INDEX Abbreviations AW 108 Acetone AW 1 Acetylene AW 1 Acetylene tanks I Air Corps specification AW 111 Air test AW 55 Alloy steel chrome-vanadium AW 16 Alloy steel chromium AW 16 Alloy steel molybdenum AW 16 Alloy steel nickel AW 16 Alloy steel silico-manganese AW 17 Alloy steel tungsten AW 17 Aluminum flux for AW 66 Aluminum kinds of AW 65 Aluminum welding of AW 95 Aluminum rod AW 67 AN parts bolts AW 10, AW 12 AN parts method of coding AW 10 AN parts nuts AW 13, AW 14 Annealing AW 18, AW 93 Army test Army test aluminum (group IV) AW 116 Army test cluster AW 87, AW 116 Army test cross AW 90, AW 116 Army test plate AW 92, AW 114 Army test stainless steel AW 116 Army test tubes AW 94, AW 114 Assembly prints AW 101 Bill of material 104Biplane AW 51Blue prints AW 100 Butt welds aluminum AW 96 Butt welds stainless steel AW 98 Butt welds steel AW 28, AW 92 Cantilever construction AW 58 Carburizing flame AW 5 Caseharden AW 18 Center line AW 101 Center punch AW 7 Centering head AW 9 Change block AW 103 Changing rod AW 25 Chrome-vanadium steel AW 16 Chromium steel AW 16 Cluster welds AW 26, AW 76 Cold laps AW 23, AW 71 Combination set AW 8 Contraction AW 31, AW 34 Cracks, causes of AW 34 Cracks, repairing of AW 36 Cross-hand welding AW 73 Curtiss damps AW 14 Cutting line AW 101 Design of welded joints AW 33 Detail prints 101. Dies AW 8 Dimensions AW 102 Dividers AW 9 Downhill welding AW 73 Draw heat AW 18 Drawings AW 99 Drilling accurate holes AW 7 Drills AW 8, AW 109 Dutchman clamps AW 43, AW 81 Elastic limit AW 15 Elevator AW 57 Elliptical tubing AW 20 Elongation, per cent of AW 15 Etching of steel AW 86 Expansion 31, AW 34 Expansion reamer AW 8 Extension line AW 101 Fairing AW 50 Fatigue strength AW 15 Fin AW 56 Finger strap AW 80 Finishing welds AW 26, AW 72 Fish-mouth joints AW 29, AW 82 Flame (oxyacetylene welding), adjustment AW 5 Flame (oxyacetylene welding), analysis AW 4 Flame (oxyacetylene welding), temperature AW 6 Flange weld (aluminum) AW 96 Flux, aluminum AW 66 Flux, stainless steel AW 67, AW 69 Forgings AW 29, AW 83 Fuselage AW 32, AW 47 Fuselage fittings AW 49 Grain in steel AW 34 Gravity, effect on puddle AW 25 Gussets 27, AW 78 Hack saw AW 7 Hardening AW 17 Heat treatment AW 17 Heavy to light sections.. AW 25 High-carbon steel AW 15 Hinge AW 58 Horn AW 58 Hydrogen AW 33 Insert AW 28 Installation print AW 101 Invisible (hidden) line AW 101 Iron AW 15 Jigs AW 37 Landing gear AW 61 Leading edge AW 57 Lines and symbols AW 101 Low-carbon steel AW 15 Major assembly prints AW 101 Medium-carbon steel AW 15 Micrometer AW 9 Miter joint AW 83 Molybdenum steel AW 16 Motor mount AW 54 Motor-mount fitting AW 53 Neutral flame AW 5 Nickel steel AW 16 Nickel-chrome steel AW 16 Normalizing AW 18 Oiling AW 56 Oxide AW 29 Oxidizing flame AW 5 Oxyacetylene flame AW 4 Oxygen AW 1 Oxygen tanks AW 1 Oxyhydrogen flame AW 95 Pattern AW 54 Penetration AW 22 Prick punch AW 7 Primer AW 56 Projection drawing AW 99 Protractor head AW 9 Quarter weld AW 75, AW 77 Quenching AW 18, AW 19 Reamer AW 8 Regulator AW 2 Ribs AW 58 Rivets AW 97 Rolled edge AW 23, AW 71 Rudder AW 56 S.A.E. classification of steel AW 17 Safety rules AW 4 Sand blast AW 56 Scarf joint 28, AW 82 Shrink allowance AW 32 Side panel AW 49 Silico-manganese steel AW 17 Silicon AW 24, AW 93 Spar AW 57 Square head S Stabilizer AW 57 Stainless steel, flux for AW 67, AW 69 Stainless steel, kinds of AW 67 Stainless steel, welding of AW 98 Stainless rod AW 67 Steel, alloy AW 16 Steel, high-carbon AW 15 Steel, low-carbon AW 15 Steel, medium-carbon AW 15 Steel, stainless AW 16, AW 67 Strap AW 29 Streamline tubing AW 20 Strength of metals AW 105 Strut fittings AW 51 Stub tubes AW 13 Subassemblies AW 39 Tail surfaces, elevator 57 - Tail surfaces, fin . AW 56 Tail surfaces, rudder AW 56 Tail surfaces, stabilizer AW 57 Tailwheel AW 51,60 Taps AW 8 Tee welds, aluminum AW 97 Tee welds, steel AW 26, AW 71, AW 75 Tee welds, stainless AW 98 Temperature chart AW 107 Threads AW 8,110 z Title block AW 103 Tolerance AW 102 Tools AW 7 Torch, low-pressure (injector) AW 4 Torch, medium-pressure (equal) AW 4 Trailing edge 57 Transformation range AW 17, AW 106 Truss AW 52 Tubing AW 20, AW 105 Tungsten steel AW 17 Ultimate tensile strength AW 15 Undercut AW 24, AW 72 Vertical welding AW 71, AW 73 Warpage AW 34 Weld characteristics, burning . AW 24 Weld characteristics, cold lap AW 23 Weld characteristics, penetration AW 22 Weld characteristics, pin holes AW 26 Weld characteristics, rolled edge AW 23 Weld characteristics, shallow AW 24 Weld characteristics, undercuts AW 24 Weld characteristics, uniformity AW 24 Welding to heat-treated parts AW 19 Welding rod, aluminum AW 67 Welding rod, high-test AW 21 Welding rod, mild-steel AW 21 Welding rod, stainless-steel AW 67 Wing fittings AW 51 Witness line AW 101 Wrapper AW 79