ATOCI: Clay Modelling and Plaster Casting (Hasluck) 1904 [CMPC]

Chapter I Introduction: Drawing for Modellers. 9

Chapter II Tools and Materials for Clay Modelling. 20

Chapter III Clay Modelling 36

Chapter IV Modeling Ornament 46

Chapter V Modelling Modelling the Human Figure 61

Chapter VI Waste moulding Process of Plaster Casting 79

Chapter VII Piece moulding and Gelatine moulding 98

Chapter VIII Taking Plaster Casts from Nature 122

Chapter IX Clay Squeezing or Clay Moulding 137

Chapter X Finishing Plaster Casts 145

Chapter XI Picture Frame in Plaster 150

Index 157

Figure Page 1. Badly-drawn Line. 13

Figure Page 2. Correctly-drawn Line. 13

Figure Page 3-5. Variety Obtained by Different Shading. 14

Figure Page 6. Another Example of Design on Squared Paper 14

Figure Page 7-9. Stages in Constructing Design. 15

Figure Page 10. Another Elaborate Design on Squared Paper 15

Figure Page 11. Modified Design. 16

Figure Page 12. Another Elaborate Design on Squared Paper 16

Figure Page 13. Shaded Design on Squared Paper. 17

Figure Page 14, 15. Further Designs on Squared Paper. 17

Figure Page 16-19. Building up Freehand Ornament. 18

Figure Page 20, 21. Later Stages in Building up Freehand Ornament. 18

Figure Page 22. Example of Freehand Ornament. 19

Figure Page 23-25. Method of Drawing Leaf. 19

Figure Page 26. Turn-table of Modelling Stool. 21

Figure Page 27. Adjustable Top of Modelling Stool. 22

Figure Page 28. Modelling Stool. 23

Figure Page 29. Proportional Callipers. 23

Figure Page 30. Modeller’s Roughing out Tool. 23

Figure Page 31. Another Roughing-out Tool. 24

Figure Page 32, 33. Thumb or Spoon-shape Tools. 24

Figure Page 34, 35. Thumb-shape Tools with Globular Ends. 25

Figure Page 36, 37. Another Tool for Fine Modelling. 25

Figure Page 38, 39. Hair Tool. 26

Figure Page 40, 41. Another Hair Tool. 26

Figure Page 42-45. Scraping Tools. 27

Figure Page 46, 47. Scraping Tool. 28

Figure Page 48, 49. Scraper with Two Toothed Edges. 28

Figure Page 53. Good Tool for General Modelling. 29

Figure Page 51, 52. Modeller’s Wire Tools 31

Figure Page 53. Brush for Levelling Drapery. 33

Figure Page 54. Apollo Belvedere Statue 41

Figure Page 55. Modelling Board 41

Figure Page 56. Ornamental Moulding. 46

Figure Page 57. Ornamental Moulding. 47

Figure Page 58. First Stage in Making Moulding 47

Figure Page 59. Angle of Moulding filled In with Clay 48

Figure Page 60. Plain Moulding 49

Figure Page 61. Ornamented Moulding 49

Figure Page 62, 63. Simple Modelled Leaves 49

Figure Page 64. Simple Modelled leaf. 50

Figure Page 65. First Stage in Modelling Leaf 50

Figure Page 66. Forming Tip of Leaf 51

Figure Page 67. Tip of Leaf Completed 52

Figure Page 68. Part of Leaf 52

Figure Page 69. Modelling Leaf 53

Figure Page 70. Bracket 54

Figure Page 71. First Stage In Modelling Bracket 54

Figure Page 72-75. Exercises with Balls 55

Figure Page 76, 77. Exercises with Balls 56

Figure Page 78. Modelled Wing 57

Figure Page 79. Early Stage In Modelling Wing 57

Figure Page 80. Modelled Bird 57

Figure Page 81. First Example of Rococo Ornament 53

Figure Page 82. Second Example of Rococo Ornament 58

Figure Page 83. Third Example of Rococo Ornament 59

Figure Page 84. Scroll 59

Figure Page 85. Modelling Scroll 59

Figure Page 86. Ornamented Scroll 59

Figure Page 87. Cartouche or Scrolled Shield 60

Figure Page 88. Ornament Worked with Tools 63

Figure Page 89. Statuette Support 65

Figure Page 90. Elevation of Bust Support or Frame 68

Figure Page 91. Section of Bust Support or Frame 67

Figure Page 92. General Form of Bust Frame 71

Figure Page 93. Measurement of Sitter’s Head 75

Figure Page 94. Wire Loop In Plaster Mould 84

Figure Page 95. Steel Drag for Plaster 85

Figure Page 96-98. Three Kinds of Plaster Spatula 87

Figure Page 99. Combined Spatula and Scraper 89

Figure Page 100. Edge of Mould with Keyholes 93

Figure Page l01. Tying Mould 95

Figure Page 102. Section of Elastic Mould 99

Figure Page 103. Pail for Gelatine 101

Figure Page 104. Low-relief Panel 103

Figure Page 105. Steel Joint Rule 105

Figure Page 1O6. Steel Tool for Plaster Work 105

Figure Page 107. Moulding High-relief Panel 105

Figure Page 108. Moulding High-relief Panel 107

Figure Page 109. Sunlight Model and Case prepared to Receive Gelatine 139

Figure Page 110. Panel Mould with Rule and Gauge 110

Figure Page 111. Truss Ready for Moulding 110

Figure Page 112. Fixing Upright Board to Truss 111

Figure Page 113. Truss covered with Clay 112

Figure Page 114. Using Plaster Pieces In Casting Truss 113

Figure Page 115. Plaster Case Covering Truss 114

Figure Page 116. Pendant in Mould 115

Figure Page 117. Beginning Clay Envelope round Bust. 117

Figure Page 118, 119. Sections of Shell and Bust 119

Figure Page 120. Pouring Gelatine into Completed Mould 120

Figure Page 121. Footprint In Plaster 124

Figure Page 122. Half-mould, of Foot 125

Figure Page 123. Section of Mould of Foot 126

Figure Page 124. Steel Drag 127

Figure Page 125, Plaster Modelling Tool 123

Figure Page 126. Ivy Leaves 129

Figure Page 127. Ivy Leaves arranged for Border 130

Figure Page 128. Picture Frame with Ornaments cast from Nature 131

Figure Page 129. Picture Frame 132

Figure Page 130. Berries on Stem 133

Figure Page 131. Patera: Design Based on Primrose. 134

Figure Page 132, Rosette: Design Based on Ivy Leaf 135

Figure Page 133. View of Open Rand 138

Figure Page 134. Hand Grasping First Piece of Clay 139

Figure Page L35. Hand Grasping First Piece of Clay 140

Figure Page 136. Second Piece of Clay, and Plaster Casing over First Piece 141

Figure Page 137. Mould ready for Filling with Plaster 142

Figure Page 138. Hanger 142

Figure Page 139. Clay Mould of Palm of Hand 143

Figure Page 140. View of Child’s hand 144

Figure Page 141. Improved Scraper 147

Figure Page 142, 143. Plaster Gouges 147

Figure Page 144. Plaster Riffle 147

Figure Page 145. Picture Frame Plaster 151

Figure Page 146. Making Elliptical Moulding with Trammel 152

Figure Page 147. Constructing Approximate Ellipse 153

Figure Page 148. Another Method of Constructing Approximate Ellipse 154

Figure Page 149, 150. Further Methods of Constructing Approximate Ellipses 155

Figure Page 151. Constructing Oval 156

Figure Page 152. Outer Moulding of Picture Frame 156

Figure Page 153. Inner Moulding of Picture Frame 156

Air-holes in Plaster Cast, 87

Alum, Use of, In Casting, 115

Animals, Plaster Casts of, 127

Apollo Belvedere, Modelling Bust of, 40

Balls, Modelling, 55, 56

Bas-relief, Modelling, 39

Berries, Plaster Casts of, 135

Bird, Modelling, 57

Bird’s Wing, Modelling, 58, 57

Board for Modelling, 40

Bracket, Modelling, 51-55

Brush for Levelling Drapery, 30

Burning Clay Models, 78

Bust, Base of, 71

Bust, Base of, 70

Bust, Cabinet, 78

Bust, Casting, 96, 97

Bust, Clay for, 69

Bust, Draping, 76

Bust, Frame, 10, 11, 61. 69, 70

Bust, Frame, Gelatine Moulding of, 117-121

Bust, Modelling, 61-78

Bust, Mould, Dividing, 92, 93

Bust, Plinth of, 71

Bust, Pose of Head In, 70

Bust, Posthumous, 127

Bust, Roughing-out, 61

Bust, Taking Measurements for, 62

Bust, Waste-moulding, 92

"Butterfly" for Bust, 70

Cabinet Busts, 78

Callipers, 22, 23

Cartouche, Modelling, 60

Casting Bust in Two-piece Mould, 96, 97

Casting from High-relief Models, 88, 89

Casting Inscription, 92

Casting Mask in Relief, 90

Casting Medallions, 91, 92

Casting Plaster, 11

Casting Use of Alum in. 115

Casts of Animals, 127, 128

Casts of Berries, 135

Casts, Broken, 159

Casts, Cementing Pieces on, 87

Casts, of Child’s Hand; 144

Casts, Colouring, 88

Casts, of Face, 122-124

Casts, Finishing, 145-149

Casts, Floral, 128

Casts, of Foot, 125-127

Casts, Hand, 124, 125

Casts, Hanger for, 84, 142

Casts, Hollow, 120, 121

Casts, of Ivy Leaves, 128-130

Casts, Modelling from, 36

Casts from Nature, 122-130

Casts, of Posthumous Bust, 127

Casts, Repairing, 149

Casts, Stopping Holes in, 88

Casts, Wires for, 143, 144

Ceiling Ornaments, 108

Ceiling Panels, 108, 109

Child’s Hand, Cast of, 144

Chipping-out Mould, 85, 86

Chipping-out, Tools for, 85, 86

Clay, Amount of, for Bust, 09

Clay, Devonshire, 31, 32

Clay, Dry, Treatment of, 33

Clay, Ground for Medallions, 68

Clay, Keeping Moist, 33, 34

Clay, Models, Burning, 78

Clay, Keeping Damp, 34

Clay, Protecting, 34, 35

Clay, resembling Terra-cotta, 78

Clay, Sprinkling, 34

Clay, Surfacing, 30

Clay, Model, Wrapping up, 34

Clay, Modelling, 36-45

Clay, for Modelling, 31-35

Clay, Moulding, 137-144

Clay, Moulding of Hand, 139-144

Clay, Moulding Ornament in Low Relief, 137

Clay, Pan, 33

Clay, Pipe, 31, 32

Clay, Shrinkage of, 61

Clay, Softening, 32, 33

Clay, Squeezing, 137-144

Clay, Tempering, 32-34

Clay, Toughening, 32

Cleaning Plaster Cast, 148

Cloths, Wet, for Clay Model, 34

Coarse Plaster, 79

"Colossal" Figures, 36

Colouring Inner Mould, 80, 81

Colouring Plaster, 88, 133

Colours for Plaster Work, 133

Copies, Freehand, for Drawing, 16-18

Dampening Clay Model, 34, 35

Devonshire Pipe Clay, 31, 32

Dividing Bust Mould, ~?, 93

Drag, Steel, 85

Drapery, Brush for Levelling, 30

Drapery Modelling, 44, 153

Draping Bust, 76

Drawing, Freehand Copies for 16-18

Drawing, Ornament, 18, 19

Drawing, Leaf, 19

Drawing, Lines, 13, 14

Drawing, for Modelling, 13-19

Drawing, Shading Lines in, 15

Drawing, Squared Paper for, 14 -

Dutch Rush, 99

Ears, Modelling, 61, 73

Elastic Moulding (see Gelatine)

Ellipse, Constructing, 150

Elliptical Mouldings, 150

Errors in Modelling, Correcting, 45

Eyes, Modelling, 61-63, 73, 76

Face, Plaster Casts of, 122-124

Figure, Frame for, 63, 64

Filling Bust Mould, 94, 95

Fine Plaster, 79

Finishing Medallion Portraits, 68,. 69

Finishing Plaster Casts, 145-149

Flat, Modelling from, 45

Flesh, Modelling, 38, 63

Floral Plaster Casts, 128

Foot, Plaster Cast of, 125-127

Frame, Bust, 10, 11, 61, 69, 70

Frame, for figure, 63, 64

Frame, Plaster, 150-156

Frame, for Protecting Clay Model, 35

Freehand Copies for Drawing, 16

Freehand Ornament, 18, 19

French Chalk, Use of, in Gelatine Moulding, 120

Fungoid Growths on Models, 35

Funnels used In Gelatine Moulding, 106

Gaslight for Modelling, 43

Gas-piping Support for Model, 64

Gelatin Mould, 99

Gelatin Moulding, 99-121

Gelatin moulding of Clay Bust, 117

Gelatin moulding, Use of French Chalk in, 120

Gelatin moulding, Funnels used in, 106 -

Gelatin moulding, Mixtures for, 100

Gelatin moulding of Ornamental Panel, 103-108

Gelatin moulding of Ornamental Pendant, 114

 

Gelatin moulding Piece Moulding Principle applied to, 121

Gelatin moulding of Plaster Panel, 104

Gelatin moulding 102 Preparing Model for, 102

Gelatin moulding , Principle of, 100

Gelatin moulding of Truss, 110-114

Gelatin moulding Varnishing Model for, 102

Gelatin, Use of Wax in 102

Gelatin, Pall for, 100, 101

Gelatin, Preparing, 100-102

Gelatin, Quality of, 100

Gelatin, Quantity of, Required for Mould, 114

Gelatin, Soaking, 101

Glass-paper, 146, 147

Glue Size for Gelatine Moulding, 116

Gouges for Plaster Work, 146

Hair, Modelling, 44, 61, 75, 76

Hair, Modelling, Tools, 27

Hand, Clay Moulding of, 139-144

Hand, Plaster Cast of, 124

Hanger for Plaster Casts, 84, 142

Head, Measuring, 74

"Heroic" Figures, 36

High-reliefs, Casts of, 88, 89

High-reliefs, Modelling, 39

High-reliefs, Panel, Mou1ding 106

Hollow Casts, 120, 121

Human Figure, Modelling, 61-78

Ice used in Plaster Water, 116

Ink, Colouring Plaster with, 81

Inscription, Casting, 92

Iron Bars, Strengthening Mould with, 82, 83

Ivory Appearance, Giving, to Cast, 148, 154-156

Ivy Leaves, Casting, 123-130

Lay-figures, 77

Leaf, Drawing, 19

Leaf, Modelling, 48-51

Leaf, Plaster Casting, 128-130

Levelling Drapery, Brush for, 30

Life, Modelling from, 64-78

Life-sized Bust, Modelling, 69

Light for Modelling Portraits, 68

Light for Relief Modelling, 43

Lines, Drawing, 13, 14

Low-relief Modelling, 39, 44

Low-relief, Curved Ground for, 44

Low-relief, Panel, Moulding, 103

Machine, Pointing, 12

Marble, Dressing for, 98

Marble Statue, Production of, 9-12

Mask, 122

Mask in Relief, Casting, 90

Measurements, Taking, for -

Modelling, 62

Measuring Head, 74

Measuring, Tools for, 22, 23

Medallions, Casting, 91, 92

Medallions, Clay Ground for, 68

Medallions, Finishing, 63, 69

Medallions, Light for, 68

Medallions, Sittings for, 66

Middle Relief, Modelling, 39

Model, Clay, Fungoid Growths on, 35

Model, Clay, Gas-piping Support for, 63, 64

Model, Clay, Keeping Damp, 35

Model, Clay, Plaster Supports for, 35

Model, Clay, Wooden Frame for Protecting, 35

Modelling, 10

Modelling, Balls, 55

Modelling, Bas-relief, 39

Modelling, Bird, 57

Modelling, Bird’s Wing, 57

Modelling, Board for, 40

Modelling, Bracket, b1~55

Modelling, Brush for Levelling Drapery in, 50

Modelling, Building up in, 37

Modelling, Bust, 40-44, 61, 78

Modelling, Cabinet Busts, 78

Modelling, Callipers for, 22, 23

Modelling, Cartouche, 60

Modelling, from Casts, 36

Modelling, Clay (see Clay)

Modelling, "Colossal" Figures, 36

Modelling, Correcting Errors in, 45

Modelling, Drapery, 44, 76, 153, lA

Modelling, Drapery, Brush used in, 30

Modelling, Drawing for, 13-19

Modelling, Ear, 61, 73

Modelling, Eyes, 61, 62, 63, 76, 76

Modelling, from Flat, 45

Modelling, Flesh, 38, 63

Modelling, Hair, 44, 61, 75, ‘76

Modelling, "Heroic" Figures, 36

Modelling, High-relief, 39

Modelling, Hog Tool for, 30, 31

Modelling, Human Figure, 61-78

Modelling, Leaves, 48-51

Modelling, from Life, 64-78

Modelling, Low-relief, 39

Modelling, Low-relief, Curved Ground for, 44

Modelling, Measuring Tools for, 22, 23

Modelling, Middle-relief, 39

Modelling, Mouth, 61, 62, 73

Modelling, Nose, 73

Modelling, Ornament, 46-60

Modelling, Position for, 21, 22

Modelling, Relief, 39, 40

Modelling, Rococo Ornament, 57

Modelling, in the Round, 39, 40

Modelling, Roughing-out in, 37, 38

Modelling, Stand for, 22

Modelling, Stools, 19-22, 71

Modelling, Straight-edge for, 25, 26

Modelling, Surface of Clay for, 30

Modelling, Thumbs used in, 26, 36

Modelling, Tools, 20-30

Modelling, Tools, Hair, 27

Modelling, Tools, Plaster, 128

Modelling, Tools, Roughing-out, 23, 24

Modelling, Tools, Scraping, 27, 28

Modelling, Tools, Spoon-shaped, 26, 27

Modelling, Tools, Thumb-shaped, 26, 27

Modelling, Tools, Wire, 30

Modelling, Toothed Straight-edge for, 25, 26

Modelling, Truss, 51-55

Mould of Bust, Filling, 94, 95

Mould, Quantity of Gelatine required for, 114

Mould, Two-piece, Casting Bust in, 96, 97

Mould, Tying, 94

Moulding Bust In Gelatine, 117-121

Moulding, Elastic (see Gelatine Moulding)

Moulding, Gelatine, 99, 121

Moulding, High-relief Panel, 106

Moulding, Low-relief Panel, 103

Moulding, Pendants, 114

Moulding, Piece, 98

Moulding, Statuettes, 97

Moulding, Trusses, 110-114

Moulding, Waste, 79-97

Moulding, Wax, 97

Mouldings, Elliptical, 152

Mouldingz, Ornamental, 46-48

Mouth, Modelling, 61, 62, 73

Nature, Plaster Casts from, 122-138

Nose, Modelling, 73

Oclire, Colouring Plaster with, 81

Ornament, Modelling, 46-60

Ornamental Mouldings, 46-48

Ornaments, Ceiling, 108

Oval, Constructing, 153

Pail for Gelatine, 100, 101

Pan for Clay, 33

Panel, Clay, Gelatine Moulding of, 103-108

Panel, Plaster. Gelatine Moulding of, 104

Panels, Ceiling, 108, 109

Paper, Squared, for Drawing, 1.4

Patera of Tile, Plaster Cast of, 136

Pendauts, Gelatine Moulding, 114

Photographs Used in Modeling, 66, 75

Picture Frame, Plaster, 130-132, 150-158

Piece Moulding, 98

Pigments for Use with Plaster, 133

Pipe Clay, Devonshire, 31, 32

Plaster, 79, 80

Plaster, Bust, C1eaning, 148

Plaster, Casting, 11

Plaster, Casting, Clay Moulding, 137-144

Plaster, Casting, Gelatine Moulding, 99-121

Plaster, Casting, Piece Moulding, 98

Plaster, Casting, Waste-moulding Process, 79-97 (for details see Waste-moulding)

Plaster, Casting, Wax Moulding, 97

Plaster, Casts (see Casts)

Plaster, Coarse, 79

Plaster, Colouring, 88

Plaster, Colours for, 133, 134

Plaster, Delaying Setting of, 116

Plaster, Filling Bust Mould with, 94

Plaster, Fine, 79

Plaster, Giving Ivory Appearance of, 148, 154-156

Plaster, Keeping, free from Moisture, 80

Plaster Modelling Tool, 128

Plaster, Picture Frame, 130-132, 150-156

Plaster, Pigments used with, 133

Plaster, PreparIng, 81, 82

Plaster, Preventing Heating of, 215

Plaster, Rendering PlastIc, 148

Plaster, Superfine, 80

Plaster, Tinting, 133, 134

Plaster, Work, 145

Plaster, Work, Glass-paper for, 146, 147

Plaster, Work, Gouges for, 146

Plaster, Work, Riffles for, 146

Plaster, Work, Scrapers for, 146

Plaster, Work, Tools for, 105, 118, 146

Plinth of Bust, 71

Pointer’s Work, 12

Pointing Machine, 12

Pose of Head in Busts, 70

Posthumous Bust 127

Pot-lid, 92-94

Primroses, Plaster Cast of, 135, 136

Relief, Modelling, 39, 40

Relief, Modelling, Advantages of Clay Background for, 43

Relief, Modelling, Background for, 40

Relief, Modelling, Light for, 43

Relief, Modelling, Slab for, 40, 41

Repairing Casts, 87, 149

Riffles for Plaster Work, 146

Rococo Ornament, Modelling, 57

Rosette of Ivy Leaves in Plaster, 135, 136

Roughing-out Clay Models, 37, 38

Roughing-out Tools, 23, 24

Round Modelling, 39, 40

Scouring Rush, 99

Scrapers, Modellers’, 27, 28

Scrapers for Plaster Work, 146

Scrolled Shield, ModellIng, 60

Sculpture, Process4of, 9

Shading In Drawing, 15

Shellac Varnish, Making, 102

Shrinkage of Clay, 61

Sitting, Length of, 66

Sketching, Rapid, 74

Skewers for Protecting Clay Model, 35

Slab, Modelling, 40, 41

Softening Clay. 32, 33

Soaking Galatine, 101

Spatulas, Steel, 88

Spoon-shaped Modelling Tools, 26, 27

Sprinkling Clay Model, 34

Squared Paper for Drawing, 14

Stand, Modelling, 22

Statue, Marble, Production of, 9-12

Statuettes, Moulding, 97

Statuettes, Support for, 63, 64

Steel. Drag for Plaster Work, 85

Steel Spatu1as~88

Stool, ModelLing, 19-22

Stopping Holes in Casts, 88

Stopping Holes, Spatulas for, 88

Straight-edge, 25. 28

Sunlight Model, Moulding, in Gelatine, 108

Superfine Plaster, 80

Surfacing Clay Models, 30

Tempering Clay, 32-34

Terracotta, Clay Models to resemble, 78

Terracotta Work, 78

Thumbs used in Modelling, 26, 36

Thumb-shaped Modelling Tools, 23, 27

Tile. Patera of, 136

Tinting Plaster, 133, 134

Tools for Chipping out, 85

Tools for Modelling, 20-30

Tools for Plaster Work, 105, 118, 128, 146

Toothed Straight-edge, 25, 26

Toughening Clay, 32

Truss, Gelatine Moulding, 110

Truss, Modelling, 51-55

Two-piece Mould, Casting Bust in, 96

Tying Bust Mould, 94

Vanish, Shellac, 102

Washing Mould, 83

Waste-moulding, 79-97

Waste-moulding, Adding Outer Mould, 82

Waste-moulding, Bust, 80, 92

Waste-moulding, Chipping out, 85, 86

Waste-moulding, Colouring Inner Mould, 80, 81

Waste-moulding, Filling Mould with Plaster, 85

Waste-moulding, Freshesiing-up Model, 80

Waste-moulding, Modifications In, 90

Waste-moulding, Removing Model from Mould, 83

Waste-moulding, Thickness of plaster Mould, 82

Wax Moulding, 83

Wing of Bird, ModellIng, 57

Wire Modelling Tools, 30

Wires for Plaster Casts, 143. 144

Wrapping up Clay Model, 34, 35

Yellow Ochre, Colouring Plaster with, 88