ATOCI: Smiths Work (Hasluck)[SWH]

I. Forges and Appliances 9
II. Hand Tools. 30
III. Drawing Down and Upsetting 50
IV. Welding and Punching. 60
V. Conditions of Work; Principles of Formation. 68
VI. Lending and Ring Making 79
VII. Miscellaneous Examples of Forged Work. 94
VIII. Cranks, Model Work, and Die Forging. 118
IX. Home made Portable Forges. 131
X. Manipulating Steel at the Forge. 144


Angular Swage, 41
Annealing Screwing Dies, 155
Annealing Steel, 149
Annealing Tools, 155
Anvil Beak, Use of, 13
Anvil, Cutter, 40
Anvil, Double-piked, 13
Anvil, Farrier's, 13
Anvil, Hole, Use of, 13
Anvil, London Pattern, 13
Anvil, Stands, 13
Anvil, Stop, 109
Anvil, Surface and Edges Wearing, 13
Anvil, and Vice, Combined, 128
Antimony, Presence of, in Iron, 71
Augers, Tempering., 153
Axes, Hardening, 152, 153
Axes, Tempering, 152, 153
Bar Carriers, 22
Bar, Cold, Method of Cutting, 37
Bar, Flat, Bending Block for, 80
Bar, Hot, Method of Cutting, 37
Bar, Iron, Qualities of, 70, 71
Bar, Iron, Sizes and Shapes of, 70
Bar, Heating, in Fire, 58
Bar, Length of, for Drawing Down, 56
Bar, Opening out End of, 110
Bar, Scarfing Ends of, 63
Bellows, Blower Superior to, 10, 140
Bellows, Continuous Blast, 140-143
Bellows, Forges, 9-14
Bellows, of Home-made Forge, 134, 135, 136, 139
Bellows, Smith's, 11
Bench Forge, Sturtevant, 9
Bending and Ring Making, 79-93
Bending and Levelling Block, 80
Bending Block, Advisability of Making, 79
Bending Block, Altering Curve of. 82
Bending Block, Circular, 87
Bending Block, Clip, 84
Bending Block, for Crank, 121
Bending Block, for Flat Bars, 80
Bending Block, Making Patterns for, 93
Bending Block, Ring upon, 83
Bending Block, Stop, 83
Bending Block, Testing Forgings in, 80, 81
Bessemer Steel, 146
Bevel Gauge, Testing with, 81
Blocks, Bending (see Bending Block)
Blow-bellows, Continuous Blast, 140-143
Blower, Roots', 11
Blower, superior to Bellows, 10, 140
Blowers, 10, 11
Bolster Tool for Forging Swivel, 117
Bolsters, 43
Bolt-finishing Swage, 41
Bolt-forging, 21
Bolt-head Rounding Machine, 18
Bolt-head Swages for Shaping, 41
Bolts, Making, 111, 113
Bolts, Punching Cottar Ways in, 75
Bonding Cranks, 75
Bosses, Crank, Forming, 125
Bosses, Crank, made by Piling, 126
Bosses, Forming, in Dies, 95, 102
Bosses, Levers with, Forging, 99
Bosses, Links with, Forging, 94
Bosses, Rods with, Forging, 94
Bottom Fuller, 42
Bottom Swage, 40
Bottom Swage having Three Grooves, 40
Bridge Truss and Tie Rods, 95
Bridle, Circular, Making, 88-93
Bridle, Die Block for Finishing, 92
Bridle, Large, Method of Bending, 94
Bridle, Rectangular, Making, 93
Broaches, Annealing, 155
Brushwood Switch, Use of, 63
Calipers, Double, 37
Calipers, Fixed, 35
Calipers, Single, 37
Carbon, Effect of, in Iron, 71
Carbon, Effect of, in Steel, 144
Carriers for Bars, etc., 22
Carriers for Heavy Forgings, 23.
Case Hardening, Advantages of, 155
Case Hardening, Deep, Method of, 155
Case Hardening, Definition of, 155
Case Hardening, at the Forge, 155
Casting, Sugar-loaf, 18
Chain, Mending Broken, 114
Chisel, Cold, Hardening, 151
Tempering, 151, 153
Firmer, Tempering, 153
Temper Steel, 149
Circular Blast Bellows, Forge with,
Circular Bridle, 88, 89
Circular Double-blast Bellows, 11
Clip for Bending Block, 84
Cold Chisel, Hardening, 151
Cold Chisel, Tempering, 151, 153
Cold Set, 37
Collar, Upsetting Bar to form, 57-59


Collared Rod, Welding, 60
Compression and Tension in Iron, 79
Continuous Blast Bellows, 140-143
Cottar Key, Making, 77
Cottar Ways, Punching, 66, 75
Cracks in Iron, 78
Crane Jibs, Forging, 95
Crane Lifting-hook, 75
Crank Axles, Built-up, 123
Crank, Bending Block for, 121
Crank, Bent or Dip, Forging, 74, 118
Crank, Bonding, 75
Crank, Bosses, Forming, 125
Crank, Bosses, made by Piling, 126
Crank, of Engine fracturing, 74
Crank, of Marine Engines, 124
Crank, Slotted, 73
Crank, Three-throw, Forging, 125
Crank, Two-throw, Forging, 125
Cranks, 74, 118-126
Crook-bit Tongs, 33
Crystalline Iron, Making, 53
Cup Tool, 43
Curved Tool, 40
Cutlery, Tempering, 153
Cutter, Anvil, 40
Daggers, Tempering, 153
Die Temper Steel, 149
Die-block for finishing Bridles, 9
Die-block for Eccentric Rod, 107, 110
Dies, Forging, 128-130
Dies, Forming Bosses in, 95, 102
Dies, Large, of Cast Iron, 129
Dies, Screwing, Annealing, 155
Dies, Screwing, Hardening, 154
Dies, Screwing, Tempering, 155
Dies, Small, of Steel, 129
Dies, Use of, 48
Dip Crank, Forging, 118
Double-piked Anvil, 13
Drawing Down, Desirability of, 51
Drawing Down Double-ended Lever, 99
Drawing Down Iron Bars, 50-57
Drift, Cutting, 45
Drift, for Deep Holes, 45
Drift, for Shallow Holes, 45
Drift, Parallel, or Filling-piece, 67
Drift, Taper, 44
Drift, Toothed, 45, 47
Drifting 44-47
Drifts, Lubricating, 46
Drifts, Various, 44
Drilling Holes, 64
Drills for Iron, Tempering, 152
Drills, for Steel, Tempering, 152
Drills, Lip, Annealing, 155
Drills, used in Smithing, 48
Drop-hammer, 15, 17
Eccentric Rod, Die-block for, 107, 110
Eccentric Rod, Forging, 105
Eccentric Rod, Forked, 77
Engine Cranks, Forging, 124
Engine Cranks fracturing, 74
Engine, Reversing Links, 84
Eye of Bossed Lever, Forging, 94-97
Eye, Forging, in Winch Handle, 75
Eye, Punching, in Hammer Head, 75
Eye, Welded, 75
Fagoting to make Sound Forgings, 127
Fan Blast, 11
Farrier's Anvil, 13
Fibre of Iron, 52, 66, 76, 77
Fibre of Mild Steel, 71, 72
Fibre of Wrought Iron, 71, 72
Fibrous Iron, Making, Crystalline, 53
Filing Model Forgings, 128
Filling-piece or Parallel Drift, 67
Fire, Forge, Formation of, 50
Fire, Forge, Heating Steel in, 148, 149
Fire, Forge, Method of Lighting, 50
Firing Tools, 32
Firmer Chisels, Tempering, 153
Flat Iron Bars used by Smiths, 70
Flat Iron Bars, Bending Block for, 80
Flattening Face of Ring, 62
Flatter, 43
Fatter, How to Use, 62
Flux for Welding Iron, 146
Flux for Welding Steel, 146
Forge with Circular Blast Bellows, 9
Forge, Fire, Formation of, 50
Forge, Fire, Heating Steel in, 148, 149
Forge, Fire, Method of Lighting, 50
Forge, Gas, Fletcher, Russell & Co.'s, 10
Forge, Hearth, Making, 132, 140
Forge, Hearth, Size of, 9
Forge, Home-made, 131-140
Forge, Roots' "Acne," 9
Forge, Portable Bellows, 9
Forge, Sturtevant Bench, 9
Forges and Appliances, 9-29
Forging (see under separate headings
Forked Eccentric Rod, 77
Forked Ends, Continuous Grain in, 76 ,77
Fuller, Action of, 73
Fuller, Bottom, 42
Fuller, Hollow, 43
Fuller, Round-faced, 42
Fuller, Top, 42
Gap Gauge or Fixed Calipers, 35
Gas Forge, Fletcher, Russell's, 10
Glands, Making Bolts for, 113
Grain of Iron (see Fibre)
Gun-metal for Blow-bellows, 143
Hammer, Ball Peen, 30
Hammer, Cross Peen, 30
Hammer, Drop, 15, 17
Hammer, Eyes, Punching, 75
Hammer, Handles shrinking with Heat, 32
Hammer, Head, Wedging, on Handle, 31
Hammer, Oliver, Making, 15
Hammer, Pendulum, 17
Hammer, Set, Edge of, 73
Hammer, Sledge, 31
Hammer, Steam, 15, 55
Hammering, Finishing by, 54
Hammering, Hardening Steel by, 150
Hammering, Improving Inferior Iron by, 78
Hand Tools, 30-49
Handles, Fastening Hammer Heads on, 31
Handles, for Sets, 38
Handles, Winch, Forging Eye of, 75
Hardening Axes, 152, 153
Hardening, Constituents of Steel, 144, 145
Hardening, Mill Picks, 153
Hardening, Screw Taps,.154
Hardening, Screwing Dies, 154
Hardening, Springs, 154
Hardening, Steel, Tools, etc., 149, 150 (see under separate headings)
Hardening, Steel by Hammering, 150
Hatching Iron to be Welded, 103
Heading Tool, 48
Hearth of Forge, Size of, 9
Hearth of Home-made Forge, 132, 140
Heating Steel in Molten Metals. 152
Hoes, Tempering, 153
Holes, Drifting, 43-47
Holes, Drilling, 64
Holes, Drilling, with Ratchet-brace, 47
Holes, Forming, with Hot Set, 65
Holes, Punched, Burning Gas in, 67
Holes, Punching, 64-67
Holes, Punching, through Stout Pin, 67
Hollow Fuller, 43
Hollow-bit Tongs, 32 br>< Home-made Bellows,134, 135, 136, 139
Home-made Oliver Hammer, 15
Home-made Portable Forges, 131-140
Hook, Crane, Method of Forming, 75
Hoop Tongs, 35
Hot Set, 37
Hot Set, Forming Hole with, 65
Iron, Antimony in, 71
Iron, Bar (see Bar)
Iron, Carbon in, 71
Iron, Cast, Fluidity of, 145
Iron, Cast, Sulphur in, 145
Iron, "Cold Short," 71
Iron, "Hot Short," 71
Iron, Improving, by Hammering, 78
Iron, Layers, Arrangement of, 76, 77
Iron, Liability of, to Crack, 78
Iron, Lowmoor, Characteristics of, 78
Iron, Manganese in, 71
Iron, Phosphorus in, 71
Iron, Puddling, 145
Iron, Pure, Limited Use of, 144
Iron, Selection of, 69, 70, 71
Iron, Silicon in, 71
Iron, used by Smith, 69, 70, 71
Iron, Treble Best Staffordshire, 78
Iron, and Steel, Welding Heats for, 62
Iron, Wrought, Compared with Steel, 144, 145, 146
Iron, Wrought, Costlier than Cast 145
Iron, Wrought, Effect of Impurities on, 71
Iron, Wrought, Welding Heat for, 62
Jibs of Travelling Cranes, Forging, 95
Joints, Welded, 60-63
Jumping-up Iron, 57-59
Jumping-up Iron Bar by Hand, 58
Key, Cottar, Making, 7?
Knife Tool, 40
Knives, Pocket, Tempering, 153
Knives, Table, Tempering, 153
Lancets, Tempering, 153
Layers of Iron, 76, 77
Lead, Molten, Heating Steel in, 152
Preventing Oxidation of, 152
Levelling and Bending Block, 80
Lever, Double-ended, Drawing Down, 99
Lever, Forming Web of, 103
Levers, Forging, 99-103
Lifting-hook of Crane, 75
Link of Chain, Mending Broken, 114
Link, Reversing, Forming, 84
Link, Shutting, Welding, 144
Link, Tool used in Forming, 114
Link, with Bosses, Forging, 94
Linley and Bingham's Forges and Bellows, 9, 11
Lip DriIls, Annealing, 155
Locomotive Cranks fracturing, 74
London Pattern Anvil, 13
Lubrication of Drifts, 46
Machine for Forging Bolts, 21
Machine for Rounding Bolt-heads, 18
Mandrel, Finishing Holes with, 66
Mandrel, Finishing Ring on, 61
Mandrel, or Sugar-loaf Casting, 18
Manganese, Presence of, in Iron, 71
Manganese, Steel Hardened by, 144
Marine Engine Cranks, Forging, 124
Mercury for Hardening Steel, 150
Metals (see under separate headings)
Mill Picks, Hardening, 153
Milling Cutters, Annealing, etc., 155
Model Forgings, 127, 128
Model Forgings, Combined Vice and Anvil for, 128
Model Forgings, Expense of, 127
Model Forgings, Filing, 128
Model Forgings, Steel for, 128
Monkey, Swinging, 17
Mushet Steel, Making, 144
Nicking with Anvil Cutter, 40
Nicking with Cold Set, 37
Nut Swage, 41
Nuts, Making, 113
Oil for Hardening Steel, 150
Oliver Hammer, Making, 15
Oxidation of Lead, Preventing, 152
Patterns for Bending Blocks, 93
Pendulum Hammer, 17
Pen-knives, Tempering, 153
Phosphorus, Presence of, in Iron, 71
Phosphorus, Steel Hardened by, 144
Picks, Mill, Hardening, 153
Pick-tip Tongs, 35
Piling to make good Forgings, 127
Pin, Stout, Punching Hole in, 67
Pincer Tongs, 32
Pit Saws, Tempering, 153
Plummer Blocks, Bolts for, 113
Pocket-knives, Tempering, 153
Poker, 32
Puddling Iron, 145
Punched Hole, Burning Gas in, 67
Punched Tie Rod, 75
Punches, 43
Punches, Cooling, in Water, 64
Punches, Kind of Holes made by, 64
Punching, 64-67, 75
Racks for Tools, 48
Rake, 32
Ratchet-brace for Drilling Holes, 47
Razor Temper Steel, 148
Razors, Tempering, 153
Reamers, Annealing, 155
Rectangular Bridle, Making, 93
Reversing Links, Engine, 84
Ring, Finishing, on Mandrel, 61
Ring, Finishing, on V-block, 43
Ring, Flattening, 61
Ring, Forming, on Anvil Beak, 61
Ring, Large, Bending, 90
Ring, Making, 79-93
Ring, upon Bending Block, 83, 86, 88
Ring, Tongs for Holding, 35 Welding, 86
Ring, Welding, to Rod, 61, 62
Rod, Collared, Welding, 60
Rod, Drawing Down, 56
Rod, Eccentric, Die-block for, 10;
Rod, Forging, 105
Rod, Forked Eccentric, 77
Rod, Punched, 75
Rod, Valve, Forging, 105
Rod, Welding Ring to, 61, 62
Rod, with Bosses, Forging, 94
Roof Trusses, 75
Roots' "Acme" Forge, 9
Roots' Blower, 11
Round Iron Bars, Drawing Down, 54
Round Iron Bars, used by Smith, 70
Sand Flux for Iron, 146
and Salt Flux for Steel, 146
Sprinkling, over Hot Forgings, 62
Saw -file Temper Steel, 148
Saws for Hot and Cold Iron, 21
Saws, Tempering, 153
Scale, Formation of, 56
Scalpels, Tempering, 153
Scarfed Joints, 63
Scarfed Weld on Bossed Rod, 96
Scissors, Tempering, 153
Screw Taps, Hardening, 154
Screw Taps, Tempering, 154
Screwing Dies, Annealing, 155
Screwing Dies, Hardening, 154
Screwing Dies, Tempering, 155
Set, Cold, 37
Set, Hot, 37
Set, Hammer, Edge of, 73
Set, Handle for, 38
Sett Tent per Steel, 149
Shears, Tempering, 153
Shutting Link, Welding, 114
Siemens Steel, 146
Silicon, Presence of, in Iron, 71
Steel Hardened by, 144
Slice, 32
Slide-valve Spindles, Making, 88-93
Sling Chain Support, 25
Slot Holes, Forming, 65, 66
Slotted Cottar Ways, Punching, 66
Slotted Crank, 73
Smithy, Arrangement of, 13
Spindle Temper Steel, 148
Spindles, Slide-valve, 88
Springs, Hardening. 151, 154
Springs, Large, Tempering, 153, 154
Springs, Watch, Tempering, 153
Spring-swages, 41
Square Iron Bars used by Smiths, 70
Stamping with Dies (see Die-block) Stand for Anvil, 13
Stand for Heavy Tools, 49
Stand for Swage-block, 42
Steam Hammer, 15, 55
Steel, Adding Tungsten to, 144
Steel, Woolfracn to, 144
Steel, Annealing, 149
Steel, Bessemer, 146
Steel, Burnt, 147
Steel, Carbon in, 144
Steel, Chisel Temper, 149
Steel, compared with Wrought Iron, 144, 145, 146
Steel, crumbling to Pieces, 147
Steel, Die Temper, 149
Steel, Ductile and Weldable, 144
Steel, Hardening, 149
Steel, Hardening, Constituents of, 144
Steel, Heating, in Molten Metals, 152
Steel, Liquids for Hardening, 15U
Steel, Manganese in, 144
Steel, Manipulating, at Forge, 144-155
Steel, Mild, 71, 144
Steel, for Model Forgings, 128
Steel, Mushet, Making, 144
Steel, Overheating, 147
Steel, Phosphorus in, 144
Steel, Razor Temper, 148
Steel, Sawfile Temper, 148
Steel, Sett Temper, 149
Steel, Siemens, 146
Steel, Silicon in, 144
Steel, soaking in Forge Fire, 147
Steel, Spindle Temper, 148
Steel, Tempering, 151-154
Steel, Tempering, Range of Colours in, 153
Steel, Tempering, Table of Heats, etc., for,153
Steel, Tempers of, 148
Steel, Tool Temper, 148
Steel, for Tool-making, 144, 148, 149
Steel, Upsetting, 147
Steel, Varying Qualities of, 147
Steel, Welding, 146
Steel, Working, at Blue Heat, 148
Steel, "Stick-in" Pieces for Welding Rings, 86
Stop for Bending-block, 83
Sugar-loaf Casting, 18
Sulphur in Cast Iron, 145
Supports for Heavy Forgings, 23
Surgical Instruments, Tempering, 153
Swage, Angular, 41
Swage, for Finishing Bolts, 41
Swage, for Shaping Bolt-heads, 41
Swage, Bottom, 40
Swage, bottom, having Three Groove, Nut, 41
Swage, Spring, 41
Swage, Top, 40
Swage-block, 41
Swage Stand, 42
Swinging Monkey Hammer, 17
Swivels, Making, 115
Sword-blades, Tempering, 153
Table-knives, Tempering, 153
Tail-vice, 13
Tallow for Hardening Steel, 150
Taper Drift, 45
Tempering Cutlery, 153
Tempering, Drills, 152
Tempering, Steel, 151-154
Tempering, Steel, Range of Colours in 153
Tempering, Steel, Table of Heats, etc., for, 153
Tempering, Surgical Instruments, 153
Tempering, Tools, 151-155 (see under separate headings)
Tempers of Steel, 148
Tension and Compression in Iron, 79
Testing Forgings for Accuracy, 103
Thwaite's Cast-iron Hearth, etc., 12
Tie-rod Ends, Punching Hales in 104
Tie-rod ends, Welding on, 103
Tie-rod, Punched, 75
Tie-rods of Bridges, Forging, 95
Tongs, Crook-bit, 33
Tongs for Flat Bars, $4
Tongs, Hollow-bit, 32
Tongs, Hoop, 35
Tongs, Pick-up, 35
Tongs, Pincer, 33
Tongs, for Holding Rings, 35
Tongs, with V-shaped Jaws, 38
Tongue Joint in Solid Bars, 97
Tool Temper Steel, 148
Tools, Accumulation of, 48
Tools, Arrangement of, 12, 48
Tools, Hand, 30-49 (see also under separate headings)
Tools, Hardening, 149-155
Tools, Heavy, Stands for, 49
Tools, Racks for, 48
Tools, Smiths', Variety of, 12, 48
Tools, Steel for Making, 144, 148, 149
Tools, Tempering, 151-155
Tools, Turning, Steel for 144, 148
Top Fuller, 42
Top Swage, 40
Truss Rods of Bridges, Forging, 95
Trusses, Roof, 75
Tungsten, Adding, to Steel, 144
Turning Tools, Steel for, 144, 148
Tuyere of Home-made Forge, 138
Tuyeres, Water, 11
Upsetting Iron Bars, 51, 57-59
Upsetting Steel, Advisability of, 147
Valve-rod Bridles, Making, 88-93
Valve-rods, Forging, 105
V-block, Finishing Ring on, 43
V-block, Hammering Work on, 62
Vice and Anvil, Combined, 128
Vices suitable for Smiths, 13
Watch-springs, Tempering, 153
Water Tuyeres. 11
Web of Lever, Forming, 103
Welded Eye, 75
Welding, 60-63
Heat for Wrought Iron, 62 Heats for Iron and Steel, 60 Iron, Desirability of, 51
Flux for, 146 Ring, 86
Shutting Link; 114
Steel, Flux for, 146
Initial Difficulty in, 146
on Tie-rod Ends, 103
Winch Handle, Forging Eye of, 75 Woolfram, Adding, to Steel, 144 Wrought Iron compared with Steel,
144-146
costlier than Cast, 145 Effect of,linpurities in, 71 Welding Heat for, 62
Printed by Cnss$Li. & COMPANY, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.G.
2J. 512